AN OVERVIEW ON THE APPLICATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF NANOMATERIALS IN THE AQUATIC..

Nanomaterials are nanoscaled materials that are 1100 nm in size and have at least one dimension with unique properties compared to larger materials. The origin, measurements, features, and formation of nanomaterials are used to classify them into different forms. Nanomaterials have specific physico-chemical properties that are used in a variety of applications such as aerospace, vehicles, building, electrical and electronic products, sports, cosmetics, food, and medicine due to their small scale. Nanomaterials are released into the atmosphere through anthropogenic activities as ultrafine particles in the air and colloids in soil and water.Nanomaterials enter marine environments in a variety of ways, including wastewater pollution from manufacturing facilities, spillage during transportation, untreated effluents from industries, rainwater runoff, and strong winds. The nanomaterials are absorbed by aquatic organisms through the skin or mucous lining, oral engulfment, gills, operculum, or olfactory organs. Engineered nanomaterials cause oxidative stress, ionoregulatory disruptions, oxygen consumption, cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity, behavioural and histological changes, haematological, developmental, and reproductive changes, immune response, and gene expression changes in aquatic species.The current study covered several important aspects of nanomaterial applications as well as their harmful effects on aquatic species. Apart fromtheir benefits, nanomaterials' negative effects directly or indirectly affect human health; as a result, careful attention must be paid to preventing the deliberate release of nanomaterials into the environment.

Please see the link - https://ikprress.org/index.php/JOBAN/article/view/6009