BIODIVERSITY OF CYANOBACTERIA IN ‘USAR’ LANDS OF DISTRICTS AZAMGARHAND VARANASI, EASTERN UTTAR PRADE

The soil known as 'Usar' is found all over the world. In India, around 25% of the land is 'Usar'/Saline/Alkaline. Soils classified as 'Usar' are unproductive, impermeable, hard, and compacted. Due to poor water infiltration, higher mechanical resistance to root growth, water logging, and low water availability in the soil profile, sodic restricts plant growth. The state of Utter Pradesh's saline and alkaline lands are collectively referred as as 'Usar' lands. There are around 2.1 million acres of land in this state, according to estimates. Affluent diversity of 'Usar' soil microorganisms (Cyanobacteria). The number and variety of cyanobacteria were investigated in the wastelands of Azamgarh and Varanasi districts in Uttar Pradesh, India. During the months of May 2016 and April 2017, soil samples were collected from three distinct sampling sites. Microscopic inspection and culture-dependent techniques identified a total of 50 morphologically distinct cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria that are unicellular, multicellular, and filamentous (heterocystous and non-heterocystous forms) include Nostoc calcicola, Nostoc linckia, Nostoc linckia, Nostoc linckia, Nostoc linckia, Nostoc linckia, Nostoc linck A.fertilisma, A.iyangarii, Lyngbya ceylanica, L.limnetica, Phormidium sp., Chroococcus micrococcus, C.gigantus, Spirulina laxissima, Microcoleus cathanoplastas, M.lacustris, Oscillatoria subbrivis, O.chlorina The Nostoc, Anabaena, Lyngbya, and Oscillatoria strains were found in abundance across all sites, demonstrating their adaptation and tolerance to a variety of environmental conditions. The maximum cyanobacterial diversity (3.41) was observed in Bunda (site-1) and the lowest in Bhawanipur, according to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (Site-3). Similarly, Bunda (Site-1) had the greatest Simpson's diversity score (0.966), whereas Bhawanipur had the lowest (0.901). Simpson's index, on the other hand, was highest in Bhawanipur (0.0839) and lowest in Bunda (0.0378). Bunda had the highest Shannon evenness (0.866), while Bhawanipur had the lowest (0.759).

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