BIOTIC CONSTRAINTS IN RICE PRODUCTIVITY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RICE ROOT NEMATODE: Hirschmanniell

Rice is a monocotyledonous agricultural plant classified as angiosperm. Insect pests, illnesses, and nematodes are the most important biotic variables affecting rice production. Plant parasitic nematodes are microscopic worms that affect a variety of commercially significant agricultural plants and could be a major stumbling block to high rice yields. Because the majority of these nematodes are root parasitic, they go undiscovered. Hirschmaniella spp. are very harmful plant parasite worms that have been found in all rice-growing regions across the world. This paper gives an update on rice and Hirschmaniella spp. interaction, as well as insight into reduced rice productivity induced by Hirschmaniella spp.

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