CYANOBACTERIA ACT AS NITROGEN-FIXING ORGANISMS: A REVIEW | Asian Journal of Plant and Soil Science

Cyanobacteria, commonly known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of bacteria with chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein that may fix carbon in the same way that plants do through photosynthesis and oxygen evolution. Many organisms engage in nitrogen fixation to convert a nitrogen source from the environment into a useful form. Rice, corn, soybeans, and groundnuts all benefit from free-living N2-fixing cyanobacteria and Azolla (a symbiotic mix of water ferns Azolla, Nostoc, and Anabaena). When nitrogen is scarce, certain cyanobacteria recognise a cell termed a heterocyst, which provides an optimal microoxic environment for the oxygen-sensitive enzyme nitrogenase to function properly. In heterocystous cyanobacteria, the nitrogenase complex is involved in N2 fixation, which is followed by hydrogen production. Several species of cyanobacteria have nif genes, which can be arranged at the molecular level using polymerase chain reaction. In cyanobacteria, nitrogen control is handled by Ntc A, a transcriptional regulator that belongs to the activator of the catabolite factor family and so differs from the well-known Ntr scheme. This research aims to gather helpful information on the properties of cyanobacteria and their potential involvement in addressing the planet's agricultural and environmental challenges in the future.

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