CYANOBACTERIA ACT AS NITROGEN-FIXING ORGANISMS: A REVIEW | Asian Journal of Plant and Soil Sciences

Cyanobacteria, also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of bacteria with chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein that can fasten carbon in the same way as plants do by photosynthesis and oxygen evolution. Many species engage in nitrogen fixation to convert a nitrogen supply from the atmosphere into a functional form. Rice, corn, soybeans, and groundnuts all benefit from freeliving N2fixing cyanobacteria and Azolla (a symbiotic mixture of water ferns Azolla, Nostoc, and Anabaena).When nitrogen is scarce, some cyanobacteria recognise a cell called a heterocyst, which provides an ideal microoxic environment for the oxygensensitive enzyme nitrogenase to work properly. In heterocystous cyanobacteria, the nitrogenase complex is involved in N2 fixation, which is followed by hydrogen production. Several species of cyanobacteria have nif genes, which can be organised at the molecular level using polymerase chain reaction.In cyanobacteria, nitrogen regulation is regulated by Ntc A, a transcriptional regulator that belongs to the activator of the catabolite factor family and thus differs from the wellknown Ntr scheme. This research aims to gather valuable information about the characteristics of cyanobacteria and their potential position in resolving the planet's agricultural and environmental challenges in the future.

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