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MODELLING ECOLOGICAL DEGRADATION-URBANISATION NEXUS IN GHANA | Journal of Global Economics, ...

The current study used yearly data from the World Development Indicator to model the urbanisation-ecological degradation nexus for Ghana from 1971 to 2014, with control variables such as ruralisation, wages, trade openness, and energy consumption. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) and the Granger causality test are used to estimate the model.The results of the study revealed a significant cointegration relationship in the model predicted, as well as a stable long-term and short-term relationship between the dependent and independent variables.

The feedback preposition is supported by the granger predictability test results for the causality direction.Urbanisation, ruralisation, wages, trade openness, and energy consumption are not policy instruments in coping with ecological degradation for the study period because the conservation hypothesis is not endorsed.



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