PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF LEGUMES IN PURE SWARDS AND MIXTURES WITH GRASSES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY

The research was done at the field experimental site of the Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy from 1996 to 2019. The goal of the study was to see how long different alfalfa varieties could produce when grown as single-species crops or in combinations with grain grasses with two or three mows per season. Pastbishnaya 88 and Selena alfalfa types survived in the composition of herbage for 12-14 years on well-cultivated sod-podzolic soils in amounts of 35-45 percent.The productive longevity of red clover did not exceed three years, and white clover took part in phytocenoses in the 24th year of life, but it sharply reduced its share in the yield with a lack of moisture. Timothy grass almost completely dropped out of herbage in the 5 th year of life, and smooth brome showed high resistance when two mows per season were carried out and nitrogen was applied at a dose of 90 kg/ha. Its share in the botanical composition of herbage in the 19th year of life amounted to 71.9%, while without nitrogen it was only 23.3%. Alfalfa-grasses mixtures and single-species alfalfa crops for 12-14 years provided yields at the level of 5-6 t/ha of dry weight with two mows per season and 4-5 t/ha with three mows per season.Even in the 15-17th year of life, the yield of herbage with smooth brome dominance when nitrogen fertilisers were applied was 4.1 and 3.6 t/ha of dry matter at two and three mows, respectively.

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