SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION OF JABI DAM, LOWER USUMA DAM AND .....

Between June 2005 and January 2007, heavy metal concentrations in the Jabi Dam, Lower Usuma Dam, and Gwagwalada River in the Federal Capital Territory of Abuja were studied to determine their composition, concentration, and dynamics. Water samples from these water bodies were taken monthly and examined for Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), and Magnesium (Mg) using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The acquired results were subjected to statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) (ANOVA). Though the mean concentrations were not substantially different (P>0.05), the Gwagwalada river had the highest copper mean value of 1.08 mg/l, followed by Lower Usuma dam and Jabi dam with 0.99 mg/l and 0.87 mg/l, respectively. Gwagwalada river had a lead content of 3.53 mg/l, Lower Usuma dam had a concentration of 3.06 mg/l, and Jabi dam had the lowest concentration of 2.81 mg/l. The differences, however, were not significant (P>0.05). The greatest iron mean value was 5.56 mg/l in the Gwagwalada River, which was significantly different (P0.05) from the 3.14 mg/l and 1.79 mg/l in the Jabi and Lower Usuma dams, respectively. The zinc mean readings for the Gwagwalada River, Lower Usuma dam, and Jabi dam were 0.03 mg/l, 0.29 mg/l, and 0.03 mg/l, respectively. The highest Magnesium mean value was 20.86 mg/l in the Gwagwalada river, which was significantly different (P0.05) from the Lower Usuma dam (13.18 mg/l) and Jabi dam (12.62 mg/l). The majority of the metrics for aquaculture were within acceptable and allowed limits. In the three water bodies tested, the wet season mean was greater than the dry season mean for Cu and Pb, whereas the dry season mean for Fe, Zn, and Mn was higher than the water season mean.

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